Research progress of immunotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 国际肿瘤学杂志

With the development of immunotherapy in clinical application, immunotherapy also takes advantage in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 show significant antitumor activity and safety in immunotherapy for patients with advanced ESCC.

mTOR signaling pathway of spinal cord is involved in peripheral nerve injury-induced hyperalgesia in rats / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To investigate whether mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is involved in peripheral nerve injury-induced hyperalgesia through activation of spinal dorsal astrocytes in rats.
 Methods: A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=5): the 1 day group (D1 group), the 4 days group (D4 group), the 7 days group (D7 group), the 14 days group (D14 group), the normal group and the sham group. The sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) model was established in the D1, D4, D7 and D14 group. The normal group received no treatment while the sham group was only exposed the sciatic nerve. Paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) were measured at the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 14th day after CCI in the different groups. Lumbar spinal cord were harvested on the 1st, 4th, 7th and 14th day in the D1, D4, D7, D14 group correspondingly, which were harvested on the 14th day in the normal group and the sham group. Distribution of mTOR in rat spinal cord was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The expressions of mTOR mRNA and protein in the spinal cord in different groups were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Another 30 male intrathecal catheterized SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=5): a blank group, a CCI group, a CCI+early rapamycin (RAPA) group, a CCI+early dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) group, a CCI+ later RAPA group, and a CCI+later DMSO group. The blank group didn't received any treatment; The CCI group was carried out the treatment of CCI model in the left hind limbs. 10 μL of 1% RAPA was given to the CCI+early RAPA group intrathecally at 4 hours after CCI for 3 days; the CCI+later RAPA group were treated with the same dose of RAPA on the 7th days after CCI for 3 days; the CCI+early DMSO group and the CCI+later DMSO group were injected with the same volume of 4% DMSO at the corresponding time as controls. The PWTL and PWMT were measured before and after intrathecal catheterization, and every other day after CCI. The lumbar spinal cords were selected and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in spinal dorsal horn were examined by immunohistochemistry in the 14th day after CCI.
 Results: The immunohistochemistry positive particles of mTOR were widely distributed in the cytoplasm of the normal spinal neurons. Compared with the base line, the PWMT in the D14 group on the 1st, 4th, 7th and 14th day after CCI were significantly lower, and the PWTL on the 4th, 7th and 14th day after CCI were also significantly lower (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expressions of mTOR mRNA and protein in the CCI groups (D1, D4, D7 and D14 group) were significantly increased than those in the normal group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the CCI+early DMSO group, the PWMT and PWTL in the CCI+early RAPA group were obviously increased on 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th or 14th day after CCI (P<0.05 or P<0.01); compared with the CCI+later DMSO group, the PWMT and PWTL in the CCI+later RAPA group were also significantly increased at the 8th, 10th or 14th day after CCI (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The GFAP immunohistochemistry positive area and absorbance value in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord in the CCI rats were decreased in the CCI+early RAPA group compared with the CCI+early DMSO group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and which were also decreased in the CCI+later RAPA group compared with the CCI+later DMSO group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).
 Conclusion: mTOR signaling pathway may be involved in hyperalgesia induced by peripheral nerve injury via spinal astrocyte activation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

Pharmacokinetics of nifedipine matrix sustained-release pellets in rats and the relationship with CYP3A4 / 中国药科大学学报

@#To conduct the characterization of its pharmacokinetics in rats of nifedipine sustained-release pellets and to study the relationship between the pellets and CYP3A4 activity. A gradient HPLC method was developed to simultaneously determine 6β-hydroxycortisol and hydrocortisone. CYP3A4 activity of rats was quantified by urinary ratio of 6β-hydroxycortisol/hydrocortisone after intravenous injection of hydrocortisone as a biomarker. HPLC method was also developed to quantify the drug concentration in plasma of rats, and the studies of pharmacokinetics were performed after oral administration of single dose of two formulations: Nifedipine matrix sustained-release pellets and nifedipine tablet(using as control). The results showed that the ratio of ten rats was 0. 271±0. 129. cmax of nifedipine sustained-release pellets decreases by nearly 70%, tmax significantly increased by 400% and t1/2 and MRT significantly increased by 230% compared to control. Nifedipine sustained-release pellets had a significant sustained-release property compared to the control and CYP3A4 activity affected its pharmacokinetics behavior.

Effect of midwives′antenatal clinic service on management of gestational weight gain / 重庆医学

Objective To evaluate the effect of midwives′antenatal clinic service on management of gestational weight and birth outcomes .Methods Totally 420 primiparas who had made registration and regular antenatal examination in a hospital ,were randomly divided into two groups .The women in the control group(n=208) received routine antenatal clinicservice .In addition ,the women in the experimental group(n=212) participated in an individual midwives′antenatal clinic .The primiparas′gestational weight gain and birth outcomes were measured and compared between the two groups .Results The rate of natural birth in the experimen‐tal group was higher than that of the control group .The rate of fetal macrosomia ,episiotomy and labor analgesia were lower than that of the control group(P0 .05) .Conclusion The midwives′antenatal clinic service has good effects on management ofgestational weight gain ,improves birth outcomes and pro‐vides primiparas positive experience of childbirth .

Effect of musical therapy combined with sufentanil postoperative intravenous analgesia on hemodynamic changes in patient accepted lung cancer operation / 中国医师杂志

Objective To evaluate musical therapy combined with sufentanil postoperative intravenous analgesia on hemodynamic changes in patient accepted lung cancer operation.Methods Sixty lung cancer surgery patients (ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ grade) were selected and divided randomly into musical therapy (group M; n =30) and control (group C; n =30).In group M,patients accepted music relaxation training for fifteen minutes before surgery,and music intervention for one hour at 3,7,15,19 hour after surgery.Whereas,in Group C,patients did not listen to any music during the same period.In the intensive care unit,patients were connected to a patient controlled analgesia (PCA) device.The PCA device (sufentanil 2 μg/kg,100 ml saline) was set to deliver a bolus of 2 ml,with a lockout interval of 10 min and background infusion volume of 0.5 ml/h.Hemodynamic changes,the visual analog scale (VAS) and consumption of sufentanil were recorded at the 4th,8th,12th,16th,20th and 24th hour after operation.Results SBP,DBP,HR and VAS of group M were significantly decreased compared to the group C,respectively (P ＜0.05),and significant difference was found in the PCA delivery frequency [group C (30.96 ± 4.00),group M (19.06 ± 3.49),t =12.39,P ＜ 0.01] and postoperative sufentanil consumption[group C (82.65±6.19)μg,group M (52.68 ±7.07)μg,t =20.00,P ＜0.01].Conclusions Musical therapy combined with sufentanil postoperative intravenous analgesia was able to produce better analgesic effect in the treatment of patient accepted lung cancer operation,which decreased postoperative sufentanil consumption and effectively reduced SBP,DBP and HR,and relieved the patient's anxiety.

The effects of different tropisetron administration routes and dosages on cisplatin-induced kaolin intake in rats / 中国医师杂志

Objective To compare the effects of different administration routes and dosages of tropisetron on cisplatin-induced kaolin intake in rats.Methods Ninety-six healthy adult male Wistar SPF rats were randomly divided into 8 groups(n =12 each):intrathecal (IT) control group (group TC) and 3 tropisetron groups receiving IT tropisetron 10,20 and 30 μg,the volume of each group was 30 μl (group T10,T20,T30),intravenous(Ⅳ) control group (group IC) and 3 tropisetron groups receiving Ⅳ tropisetron 0.3,0.5 and 0.7 mg/kg respectively (group I0.3,I0.5,I0.7).In group TC and IC,normal saline 30 μl and 0.5 ml were injected IT and Ⅳ,respectively.All rats received cisplatin 3mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection at the time point of thirty minutes after administration,each rat weight,the daily food and kaolin intakes were detected at the time point of 48 hours after cisplatin administration.Results Compared with group Tc,each rat weight loss,the kaolin intakes were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05),and food intake dose was significantly increased in group T20 (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group IC,each rat weight loss,the kaolin intakes were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05),and food intake dose was significantly increased in group I0.5 and I0.7 (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference between group I0.5,I0.7 and group T20.Conclusions The kaolin intakes and the rat weight loss can be decreased by IT tropisetron,and the food take dose was increased meanwhile,and IT tropisetron 20 μg has equivalent efficacy to IV tropisetron 0.5 or 0.7 mg/kg.IT could be the new administration route of tropisetron.